Swift Tutorial

● Swift

✦Tutorial Intro

✦Overview

✦History

✦Swift vs Objective C

✦Environment

● Swift Fundamentals

✦Basic Syntax

✦Hello World Program

✦Variables

✦Constants

✦Literals

✦Comments

✦Keywords

✦Print function

● Swift Operators

✦Arithmetic Operators

✦Comparison Operators

✦Logical Operators

✦Assignment Operators

✦Bitwise Operators

✦Misc Operators

✦Advanced Operators

✦Operator Overloading

✦Arithmetic Overflow Operators

✦Identity Operators

✦Range Operators

● Swift Data Types

✦Data Types Overview

✦Integers

✦Floating-Point Numbers

✦Double

✦Boolean

✦Strings

✦Characters

✦Type Aliases

✦Optionals

✦Tuples

✦Assertions and Precondition

✦Type casting

● Swift Control Flow

✦Overview

✦Decision Making

✦If Statement

✦If-else Statement

✦If-else-if Statement

✦Nested if-else Statement

✦switch statement

✦Loops

✦While Loop

✦Repeat While loop

✦For-in Loop

✦Break Statement

✦continue statement

✦Fallthrough Statement

✦Guard Statement

● Swift Strings

✦Overview

✦String Functions and Operators

✦Concatenate Strings

✦Append a String

✦Insert a Char in String

✦string contains

✦remove a char in String

● Swift Functions

✦Overview

✦Calling Functions

✦Parameter & Return Value

✦Variadic Parameters

✦In Out Parameters

✦Nested Function

✦Recursion

✦Function Overloading

✦Closures

✦Escaping and Non-Escaping Closures

✦Higher-Order Functions

✦Auto Closures

● Swift Collections

✦Overview

● Swift Arrays

✦Overview

✦create

✦Arrays Properties

✦Access array

✦add

✦Remove element from an Array

✦Change element in an array

✦count the elements of an Array

✦Reverse an Array

✦Array joined() function

✦array contains a given element

✦Sorting an Array

✦Swap Array items

● Swift Sets

✦Overview

✦create

✦Add

✦remove element from the Set

✦set contains a given element

✦count the elements of a Set

✦Sorting a Set

✦check set is empty

✦shuffle the elements of a set

● Swift Dictionary

✦Overview

✦Create

✦Access

✦Add

✦Remove

✦Change value/Key

✦Iterate

● Swift Tuples

✦Overview

✦Create

✦Access

✦Change tuple

✦Add

✦remove

✦dictionary inside tuple

● Swift OOP

✦Overview

✦Enumerations

✦Structures

✦Classes

✦Properties & types

✦Methods

✦Function vs Method

✦Subscripts

✦Inheritance

✦Swift-Overriding

✦Initialization

✦Deinitialization

✦Error Handling

✦Difference between Try, Try?, and Try!

● Swift Advanced

✦ARC Overview

✦Optional Chaining

✦Concurrency

✦Macros

✦Type Casting

✦Nested Types

✦Extensions

✦Protocols

✦Generics

✦Access Control

✦Function vs Method

✦SwiftyJSON

✦Singleton class

✦Swift Random Numbers

✦Swift Opaque and Boxed Type

✦Automatic Reference Counting

✦Memory Safety

● Math

✦Absolute Value

✦fabs

✦fabsf

✦fabsl

✦Positive Difference

✦fdim

✦fdimf

✦fdiml

✦Ceiling and Floor

✦ceil

✦ceilf

✦ceill

✦floor

✦floorf

✦floorl

✦Modulo

✦modf

✦modff

✦modfl

✦fmod

✦fmodf

✦fmodl

✦Remainder

✦remainder

✦remainderf

✦remainderl

✦remquo

✦remquof

✦remquol

✦Rounding Functions

✦round

✦roundf

✦roundl

✦lround

✦lroundf

✦lroundl

✦llround

✦llroundf

✦llroundl

✦lrint

✦lrintf

✦lrintl

✦rint

✦rintf

✦rintl

✦Minimum and Maximum

✦lmax

✦lmin

✦imax

✦imin

✦fmax

✦fmaxf

✦fmaxl

✦fmin

✦fminf

✦fminl

✦Logarithms

✦ilogb

✦ilogbf

✦ilogbl

✦log

✦log10

✦log10f

✦log10l

✦log1p

✦log1pf

✦log1pl

✦log2

✦log2f

✦log2l

✦logb

✦logbf

✦logbl

✦logf

✦logl

✦lgamma

✦lgammaf

✦lgammal

✦Cosine

✦cos

✦cosf

✦cosh

✦coshf

✦coshl

✦cosl

✦Sine

✦sin

✦sinf

✦sinh

✦sinhf

✦sinhl

✦sinl

✦Tangent

✦tan

✦tanf

✦tanh

✦tanhf

✦tanhl

✦tanl

✦Arctangent

✦atanh

✦atan

✦atan2

✦atan2f

✦atan2l

✦atanf

✦atanhf

✦atanhl

✦atanl

✦Arcsine

✦asin

✦asinf

✦asinh

✦asinhf

✦asinhl

✦asinl

✦Arccosine

✦acos

✦acosf

✦acosh

✦acoshf

✦acoshl

✦acosl

✦Exponent

✦exp

✦exp2

✦exp2f

✦exp2l

✦expf

✦expl

✦expm1

✦expm1f

✦expm1l

✦frexp

✦frexpf

✦frexpl

✦ldexp

✦ldexpf

✦ldexpl

✦Hypotenuse

✦hypot

✦hypotf

✦hypotl

✦Square Root

✦sqrt

✦sqrtf

✦sqrtl

✦Cube Root

✦cbrt

✦cbrtf

✦cbrtl

✦Multiply and Add

✦fma

✦fmaf

✦fmal

✦Error Function

✦erf

✦erfc

✦erfcf

✦erfcl

✦erff

✦erfl

✦Copy Sign

✦copysign

✦copysignf

✦copysignl

✦Next After

✦nextafter

✦nextafterf

✦nextafterl

✦Not a Number

✦nan

✦nanf

✦nanl

● Double

✦func addingProduct(Self, Self)

✦func addProduct(Double, Double)

✦func squareRoot()

✦func formSquareRoot()

✦func remainder(dividingBy: Self)

✦func formRemainder(dividingBy: Double)

✦func truncatingRemainder(dividingBy: Self)

✦func formTruncatingRemainder(dividingBy: Double)

✦func negate()

✦func rounded()

✦func rounded(FloatingPointRoundingRule)

✦func round()

✦func round(FloatingPointRoundingRule)

✦func isEqual(to: Double)

✦func isLess(than: Double)

✦func isLessThanOrEqualTo(Double)

✦func isTotallyOrdered(belowOrEqualTo: Self)

● String

✦func write(String)

✦func write<Target>(to: inout Target)

✦func append(String)

✦func append(Character)

✦func append(contentsOf: String)

✦func append(contentsOf: Substring)

✦func append<S>(contentsOf: S)

✦func reserveCapacity(Int)

✦func insert(Character, at: String.Index)

✦func insert(Self.Element, at: Self.Index)

✦func insert<C>(contentsOf: C, at: Self.Index)

✦func insert<S>(contentsOf: S, at: String.Index)

✦func replaceSubrange<C>(Range<String.Index>, with: C)

✦func replaceSubrange<C, R>(R, with: C)

✦func remove(at: String.Index) -> Character

✦func remove(at: Self.Index) -> Self.Element

✦func removeAll(keepingCapacity: Bool)

✦func removeAll(where: (Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows

✦func removeFirst() -> Self.Element

✦func removeFirst(Int)

✦func removeLast() -> Self.Element

✦func removeLast(Int)

✦func removeSubrange(Range<String.Index>)

✦func removeSubrange(Range<Self.Index>)

✦func removeSubrange<R>(R)

✦func filter((Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Self

✦func drop(while: (Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Self.SubSequence

✦func dropFirst(Int) -> Self.SubSequence

✦func dropLast(Int) -> Self.SubSequence

✦func popLast() -> Self.Element?

✦func lowercased() -> String

✦func uppercased() -> String

✦func elementsEqual<OtherSequence>(OtherSequence) -> Bool

✦func elementsEqual<OtherSequence>(OtherSequence, by: (Self.Element, OtherSequence.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Bool

✦func starts<PossiblePrefix>(with: PossiblePrefix) -> Bool

✦func starts<PossiblePrefix>(with: PossiblePrefix, by: (Self.Element, PossiblePrefix.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Bool

✦func lexicographicallyPrecedes<OtherSequence>(OtherSequence) -> Bool

✦func lexicographicallyPrecedes<OtherSequence>(OtherSequence, by: (Self.Element, Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Bool

✦func applying(CollectionDifference<Self.Element>) -> Self?

✦func difference<C>(from: C) -> CollectionDifference<Self.Element>

✦func difference<C>(from: C, by: (C.Element, Self.Element) -> Bool) -> CollectionDifference<Self.Element>

✦func hasPrefix(String) -> Bool

✦func hasSuffix(String) -> Bool

✦func contains(Self.Element) -> Bool

✦func allSatisfy((Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Bool

✦func contains(where: (Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Bool

✦func first(where: (Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Self.Element?

✦func firstIndex(of: Self.Element) -> Self.Index?

✦func firstIndex(where: (Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Self.Index?

✦func last(where: (Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Self.Element?

✦func lastIndex(of: Self.Element) -> Self.Index?

✦func lastIndex(where: (Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Self.Index?

✦func max() -> Self.Element?

✦func max<T>(T, T) -> T

✦func max(by: (Self.Element, Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Self.Element?

✦func min() -> Self.Element?

✦func min<T>(T, T) -> T

✦func min(by: (Self.Element, Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Self.Element?

✦func prefix(Int) -> Self.SubSequence

✦func prefix(through: Self.Index) -> Self.SubSequence

✦func prefix(upTo: Self.Index) -> Self.SubSequence

✦func prefix(while: (Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> Self.SubSequence

✦func suffix(Int) -> Self.SubSequence

✦func suffix(from: Self.Index) -> Self.SubSequence

✦func split(separator: Self.Element, maxSplits: Int, omittingEmptySubsequences: Bool) -> [Self.SubSequence]

✦func split(maxSplits: Int, omittingEmptySubsequences: Bool, whereSeparator: (Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> [Self.SubSequence]

✦func randomElement() -> Self.Element?

✦func randomElement<T>(using: inout T) -> Self.Element?

✦func makeContiguousUTF8()

✦func withUTF8<R>((UnsafeBufferPointer<UInt8>) throws -> R) rethrows -> R

✦func compactMap<ElementOfResult>((Self.Element) throws -> ElementOfResult?) rethrows -> [ElementOfResult]

✦func flatMap<SegmentOfResult>((Self.Element) throws -> SegmentOfResult) rethrows -> [SegmentOfResult.Element]

✦func flatMap<ElementOfResult>((Self.Element) throws -> ElementOfResult?) rethrows -> [ElementOfResult]

✦func reduce<Result>(Result, (Result, Self.Element) throws -> Result) rethrows -> Result

✦func reduce<Result>(into: Result, (inout Result, Self.Element) throws -> ()) rethrows -> Result

✦func forEach((Self.Element) throws -> Void) rethrows

✦func enumerated() -> EnumeratedSequence<Self>

✦func makeIterator() -> String.Iterator

✦func sorted() -> [Self.Element]

✦func sorted(by: (Self.Element, Self.Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> [Self.Element]

✦func reversed() -> ReversedCollection<Self>

✦func shuffled() -> [Self.Element]

✦func shuffled<T>(using: inout T) -> [Self.Element]

✦func withCString<Result>((UnsafePointer<Int8>) throws -> Result) rethrows -> Result

✦func withCString<Result, TargetEncoding>(encodedAs: TargetEncoding.Type, (UnsafePointer<TargetEncoding.CodeUnit>) throws -> Result) rethrows -> Result

✦func index(after: String.Index) -> String.Index

✦func formIndex(after: inout Self.Index)

✦func index(before: String.Index) -> String.Index

✦func formIndex(before: inout Self.Index)

✦func index(String.Index, offsetBy: Int) -> String.Index

✦func index(String.Index, offsetBy: Int, limitedBy: String.Index) -> String.Index?

✦func formIndex(inout Self.Index, offsetBy: Int)

✦func formIndex(inout Self.Index, offsetBy: Int, limitedBy: Self.Index) -> Bool

✦func distance(from: String.Index, to: String.Index) -> Int

✦func encode(to: any Encoder) throws

✦func hash(into: inout Hasher)

✦func index(of: Self.Element) -> Self.Index?

● Regex

✦func anchorsMatchLineEndings(Bool)

✦func asciiOnlyCharacterClasses(Bool)

✦func asciiOnlyDigits(Bool)

✦func asciiOnlyWhitespace(Bool)

✦func asciiOnlyWordCharacters(Bool)

✦func contains(captureNamed: String)

✦func dotMatchesNewlines(Bool)

✦func firstMatch(in: Substring) throws

✦func firstMatch(in: String) throws

✦func ignoresCase(Bool)

✦func matchingSemantics(RegexSemanticLevel)

✦func prefixMatch(in: Substring) throws

✦func prefixMatch(in: String) throws

✦func repetitionBehavior(RegexRepetitionBehavior)

✦func wholeMatch(in: Substring) throws

✦func wholeMatch(in: String) throws

✦func wordBoundaryKind(RegexWordBoundaryKind)

● Array

✦func randomElement()

✦func randomElement<T>(using: inout T)

✦func append(Element)

✦func insert(Element, at: Int)

✦func insert<C>(contentsOf: C, at: Self.Index)

✦func replaceSubrange<C>(Range<Int>, with: C)

✦func replaceSubrange<C, R>(R, with: C)

✦func reserveCapacity(Int)

✦func append<S>(contentsOf: S)

✦func + <Other>(Other, Self)

✦func + <Other>(Self, Other)

✦func + (Array<Element>, Array<Element>)

✦func += <Other>(inout Self, Other)

✦func += (inout Array<Element>, Array<Element>)

✦func remove(at: Int)

✦func removeFirst()

✦func removeFirst(Int)

✦func removeLast()

✦func removeLast(Int)

✦func removeSubrange(Range<Self.Index>)

✦func removeSubrange<R>(R)

✦func removeAll(where: (Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func removeAll(keepingCapacity: Bool)

✦func popLast()

✦func contains(Self.Element)

✦func contains(where: (Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func allSatisfy((Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func first(where: (Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func firstIndex(of: Self.Element)

✦func index(of: Self.Element)

✦func firstIndex(where: (Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func last(where: (Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func lastIndex(of: Self.Element)

✦func lastIndex(where: (Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func min()

✦func min(by: (Self.Element, Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func max()

✦func max(by: (Self.Element, Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func prefix(Int)

✦func prefix(through: Self.Index)

✦func prefix(upTo: Self.Index)

✦func prefix(while: (Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func suffix(Int)

✦func suffix(from: Self.Index)

✦func dropFirst(Int)

✦func dropLast(Int)

✦func drop(while: (Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func flatMap<SegmentOfResult>((Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func flatMap<ElementOfResult>((Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func compactMap<ElementOfResult>((Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func reduce<Result>(Result, (Result, Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func reduce<Result>(into: Result, (inout Result, Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func forEach((Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func enumerated()

✦func makeIterator()

✦func sort()

✦func sort(by: (Self.Element, Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func sorted()

✦func sorted(by: (Self.Element, Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func reverse()

✦func reversed()

✦func shuffle()

✦func shuffle<T>(using: inout T)

✦func shuffled()

✦func shuffled<T>(using: inout T)

✦func partition(by: (Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func swapAt(Self.Index, Self.Index)

✦func split(separator: Self.Element, maxSplits: Int, omittingEmptySubsequences: Bool)

✦func split(maxSplits: Int, omittingEmptySubsequences: Bool, whereSeparator: (Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func joined()

✦func joined<Separator>(separator: Separator)

✦func joined(separator: String)

✦func applying(CollectionDifference<Self.Element>)

✦func == (Array<Element>, Array<Element>)

✦func != (Self, Self)

✦func elementsEqual<OtherSequence>(OtherSequence)

✦func elementsEqual<OtherSequence>(OtherSequence, by: (Self.Element, OtherSequence.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func starts<PossiblePrefix>(with: PossiblePrefix)

✦func starts<PossiblePrefix>(with: PossiblePrefix, by: (Self.Element, PossiblePrefix.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func lexicographicallyPrecedes<OtherSequence>(OtherSequence)

✦func lexicographicallyPrecedes<OtherSequence>(OtherSequence, by: (Self.Element, Self.Element) throws -> bool)

✦func index(after: Int)

✦func formIndex(after: inout Int)

✦func index(before: Int)

✦func formIndex(before: inout Int)

✦func index(Int, offsetBy: Int)

✦func formIndex(inout Self.Index, offsetBy: Int)

✦func index(Int, offsetBy: Int, limitedBy: Int)

✦func formIndex(inout Self.Index, offsetBy: Int, limitedBy: Self.Index)

✦func distance(from: Int, to: Int)

● Dictionary

✦func index(forKey: Key)

✦func randomElement()

✦func randomElement<T>(using: inout T)

✦func updateValue(Value, forKey: Key)

✦func merge([Key : Value], uniquingKeysWith: (Value, Value))

✦func merge<S>(S, uniquingKeysWith: (Value, Value))

✦func merging([Key : Value], uniquingKeysWith: (Value, Value))

✦func merging<S>(S, uniquingKeysWith: (Value, Value))

✦func reserveCapacity(Int)

✦func filter((Dictionary<Key, Value>.Element))

✦func removeValue(forKey: Key)

✦func remove(at: Dictionary<Key, Value>.Index)

✦func removeAll(keepingCapacity: Bool)

✦func forEach((Self.Element))

✦func enumerated()

✦func makeIterator()

✦func contains(where: (Self.Element))

✦func allSatisfy((Self.Element))

✦func first(where: (Self.Element))

✦func firstIndex(where: (Self.Element))

✦func min(by: (Self.Element, Self.Element))

✦func max(by: (Self.Element, Self.Element))

✦func mapValues<T>((Value))

✦func reduce<Result>(Result, (Result, Self.Element))

✦func reduce<Result>(into: Result, (inout Result, Self.Element))

✦func compactMap<ElementOfResult>((Self.Element))

✦func compactMapValues<T>((Value))

✦func flatMap<SegmentOfResult>((Self.Element))

✦func flatMap<ElementOfResult>((Self.Element))

✦func sorted(by: (Self.Element, Self.Element))

✦func shuffled()

✦func shuffled<T>(using: inout T)

● Set

✦func insert(Element)

✦func insert<ConcreteElement>(ConcreteElement)

✦func update(with: Element)

✦func update<ConcreteElement>(with: ConcreteElement)

✦func reserveCapacity(Int)

✦func filter((Element))

✦func remove(Element)

✦func remove<ConcreteElement>(ConcreteElement)

✦func removeFirst()

✦func remove(at: Set<Element>.Index)

✦func removeAll(keepingCapacity: Bool)

✦func union<S>(S)

✦func formUnion<S>(S)

✦func intersection(Set<Element>)

✦func intersection<S>(S)

✦func formIntersection<S>(S)

✦func symmetricDifference<S>(S)

✦func formSymmetricDifference(Set<Element>)

✦func formSymmetricDifference<S>(S)

✦func subtract(Set<Element>)

✦func subtract<S>(S)

✦func subtracting(Set<Element>)

✦func subtracting<S>(S)

✦func isSubset(of: Set<Element>)

✦func isSubset<S>(of: S)

✦func isStrictSubset(of: Set<Element>)

✦func isStrictSubset<S>(of: S)

✦func isSuperset(of: Set<Element>)

✦func isSuperset<S>(of: S)

✦func isStrictSuperset(of: Set<Element>)

✦func isStrictSuperset<S>(of: S)

✦func isDisjoint(with: Set<Element>)

✦func isDisjoint<S>(with: S)

✦func randomElement()

✦func randomElement<T>(using: inout T)

✦func contains(where: (Self.Element))

✦func allSatisfy((Self.Element))

✦func first(where: (Self.Element))

✦func firstIndex(of: Element)

✦func firstIndex(where: (Self.Element))

✦func index(of: Self.Element)

✦func min()

✦func min(by: (Self.Element, Self.Element))

✦func max()

✦func max(by: (Self.Element, Self.Element))

✦func compactMap<ElementOfResult>((Self.Element))

✦func flatMap<SegmentOfResult>((Self.Element))

✦func flatMap<ElementOfResult>((Self.Element))

✦func reduce<Result>(Result, (Result, Self.Element))

✦func reduce<Result>(into: Result, (inout Result, Self.Element))

✦func sorted()

✦func sorted(by: (Self.Element, Self.Element))

✦func shuffled()

✦func shuffled<T>(using: inout T)

✦func enumerated()

✦func forEach((Self.Element))

✦func makeIterator()

● range

✦func relative<C>(to: C)

✦func contains(Bound)

✦func clamped(to: Range<Bound>)

✦func overlaps(Range<Bound>)

✦func overlaps(ClosedRange<Bound>)

✦func hash(into: inout Hasher)

✦func encode(to: any Encoder)

Swift Sets → Sorting a Set

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